\chapter{Junicode and {\TeX}}\hypertarget{JunicodeAndTeX}{}

\section{Loading the packages}

There are packages for both Junicode (the static font) and Junicode VF (the variable font) 
in CTAN, the {\TeX} repository, and also
in the {\TeX} Live distribution (run \src{tlmgr} to get them). Both static and variable versions
have a convenient script for loading and managing the font: use
{\color{BrickRed}\verb|\usepackage{junicode}|} for the static font and
{\color{BrickRed}\verb|\usepackage{junicodevf}|} for the variable font (which requires \ltech).
These commands accept several options commonly used in font packages:

\begin{description}
    \item[light] The weight of the type for the main text is light instead of regular.
    \item[medium] The weight of the type for the main text is medium, somewhat heavier than regular.
    \item[semibold] The weight of bold type is somewhat lighter than the usual bold. This may be a
    good choice if you have selected the \option{light} option.
    \item[condensed] The width of the type is narrow. Note that in the static font,
    bold type cannot be condensed: when
    this option is selected, any bold type in the text will have normal width.
    \item[semicondensed] The width of the type is wider than condensed but narrower than the default.
    In the static font, bold type cannot be semicondensed.
    \item[expanded] The width of the type is about 125\%. Note that in the static font, light type
    cannot be expanded: using both the \option{light} and the \option{expanded} options will produce
    an error.
    \item[semiexpanded] The width of the type is wider than the default but narrower than expanded.
    In the static font, light type cannot be semiexpanded.
    \item[proportional] Numbers in the document will be proportionally spaced. This is the default.
    \item[tabular] Numbers will be tabular (or monospaced).
    \item[oldstyle] Numbers will be old-style, harmonizing with lowercase letters.
    \item[lining] Numbers will be lining, harmonizing with uppercase letters.
\end{description}

\noindent With the variable font, terms like “light” and “semibold” (and, for that  matter,
“regular”) do not denote a fixed
shape the way they do with the static font, but rather a
range of weights and widths that vary with the point size. You can see these variations
if we scale a line of footnote
text and a line of header text to the same {\color{BrickRed}\verb|\large|} size:

\begin{quote}
\large\samplefootnote Here is some sample text for footnotes (about 8pt).\\
\sampleheader Here is some sample text for headers (18pt or larger).
\end{quote}

\noindent The glyphs for footnote text are heavier and wider than those for headers, recalling the way
punchcutters in the era of metal type often designed small sizes to be relatively thicker and wider
than main text or titles. This promoted legibility at small sizes and also evenness of color on
pages with diverse text blocks.

Junicode VF provides vastly more flexibility than static Junicode, starting with two options that go
with the weight and width options listed above:

\begin{description}
    \item[weightadjustment] Adjusts the weight of the type by adding this number.
    For example, if you choose \option{medium} for your document (weight averaging about 500)
    and \option{bold} (weight around 700), and also include the option \src{weightadjustment=-25},
    then the weights of medium and bold text will be lightened by 25 (to 475 and 675).
    \item[widthadjustment] Adjusts the width of the type by adding this number. For example, if you
    choose \option{semicondensed} for your document (width averaging 87.5), and you also include
    the option {\color{BrickRed}\verb|widthadjustment=5|}, then the average width will be 92.5, between
    \option{semicondensed} and \option{regular}.
\end{description}

\section{Advanced Options}

If you are using the variable font and the basic options listed above don't yield the results
you want, the options listed in this section allow you to choose from an effectively infinite
number of styles. Do this by supplying custom axis coordinates for one or more of the four basic
styles of the main text (Regular, Italic, Bold, BoldItalic) via package options called
\option{SizeFeatures}. For example, here are the \option{SizeFeatures} for this document:

\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
    \usepackage[
        MainRegularSizeFeatures={
            {size=8.6,wght=550,wdth=120},
            {size=10.99,wght=475,wdth=115},
            {size=21.59,wght=400,wdth=112.5},
            {size=21.59,wght=351,wdth=100}
        },
        MainItalicSizeFeatures={
            {size=8.6,wght=550,wdth=118},
            {size=10.99,wght=475,wdth=114},
            {size=21.59,wght=450,wdth=111},
            {size=21.59,wght=372,wdth=98}
        },
        MainBoldSizeFeatures={
            {size=8.6,wght=700,wdth=120},
            {size=10.99,wght=700,wdth=115},
            {size=21.59,wght=650,wdth=112.5},
            {size=21.59,wght=600,wdth=100}
        },
        MainBoldItalicSizeFeatures={
            {size=8.6,wght=700,wdth=118},
            {size=10.99,wght=700,wdth=114},
            {size=21.59,wght=650,wdth=111},
            {size=21.59,wght=600,wdth=98}
        }
    ]{junicodevf}
\end{verbatim}
\normalsize

\noindent These options consist of lists of associative arrays, each
prescribing axis coordinates for a range of sizes. In these arrays,
the \src{size} key is mandatory: any array without one is ignored. The
arrays should be in order of point size. The first array
prescribes axis coordinates for all sizes up to \src{size}, the last array for all sizes
greater than \src{size}, and any intermediate arrays a range from the previous to the
current \src{size}.\footnote{\ %
If you want only one size array, make \src{size} improbably low (e.g. 5) and place
a comma after the closing brace of the array.%
} So the ranges covered in each list above are \src{-8.6}, \src{8.6-10.99},
\src{10.99-21.59},
and \src{21.59-}.\footnote{\ Any modification of the default text size (e.g. in the
\src{\textbackslash documentclass} command) can affect the size definitions in these
arrays, with the result that (for example)
\src{10} no longer means exactly “ten points.” You may have to experiment to get these numbers
right.}

The keys other than \src{size} are the four-letter tags for the font's axes: \src{wght}
(Weight), \src{wdth} (Width), and \src{ENLA} (Enlarge).\footnote{\ %
By convention, tags for axes defined in the OpenType standard are lowercase; custom axes
are uppercase. Junicode’s \src{ENLA} is a custom axis.%
} When a key
is omitted, the default value for that axis is used. It is up to the user to make sure the values
given for each axis are valid---the package does no checking (though {\fspec} will do a good bit
of checking for you). When \option{SizeFeatures} are given in
this way, they override any other options that set or change axis coordinates
(e.g. \option{weightadjustment}).

The \option{SizeFeatures} options can only set axis coordinates; with the \option{Features} 
options you can
set OpenType features for the main text or for the four main styles individually.

For example, if you want your document to use the conventions observed by early
English typesetters for the distribution of \textex{s} and \textex{ſ}, load the
package this way:

\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
    \usepackage[MainFeatures={
        Language=English,
        StylisticSet=8
    }]{junicodevf}
\end{verbatim}
\normalsize

\noindent If you want to use these conventions only for text in the regular style, use
\option{MainRegularFeatures} instead of \option{MainFeatures}. For the other styles, use
\option{MainItalicFeatures}, \option{MainBoldFeatures}, and \option{MainBoldItalicFeatures}.
All of the
features you pass via these options must be valid for \fspec: in fact,
they are passed straight through to \fspec.

\section{Selecting Alternate Styles}

In addition to the document's main font, you can choose from up to fifty
predefined styles---thirty-eight if you are using the static font (in the list below,
styles available only to variable font users are {\color{BrickRed}red}).
The commands for shifting to these
styles are as follows (of the italic styles, only the base “jItalic” is listed;
append “Italic” to any of the others, except “jRegular”):

\begin{multicols}{3}
    \jCond\textbackslash jRegular

    \textbackslash jItalic
    
    \textbackslash jCond
    
    \textbackslash jSmCond
    
    \textbackslash jSmExp
    
    \textbackslash jExp
    
    \textbackslash jLight
    
    \textbackslash jCondLight
    
    \textbackslash jSmCondLight
    
    {\color{BrickRed}\textbackslash jSmExpLight}
    
    {\color{BrickRed}\textbackslash jExpLight}
    
    \textbackslash jMedium
    
    \textbackslash jCondMedium
    
    \textbackslash jSmCondMedium
    
    \textbackslash jSmExpMedium
    
    \textbackslash jExpMedium
    
    \textbackslash jSmbold
    
    {\color{BrickRed}\textbackslash jCondSmbold}
    
    {\color{BrickRed}\textbackslash jSmCondSmbold}
    
    \textbackslash jSmExpSmbold
    
    \textbackslash jExpSmbold
    
    \textbackslash jBold
    
    {\color{BrickRed}\textbackslash jCondBold}
    
    {\color{BrickRed}\textbackslash jSmCondBold}
    
    \textbackslash jSmExpBold
    
    \textbackslash jExpBold
    
\end{multicols}

\noindent These commands will be self-explanatory if you bear in mind Junicode's 
abbreviations for style names: Cond=Condensed, Exp=Expanded, Sm=Semi.\footnote{\ %
The purpose of these abbreviations is to keep font names under the character-limit
imposed by some systems.} Use
them to shift temporarily to a style other than that of the main text.
For example, to shift to the Condensed Light style for a short phrase, use
this code:
\begin{center}
{\color{BrickRed}\small\verb|{\jCondLight a short phrase}|}.
\end{center}
The result: {\jCondLight a short phrase}.

To add features to any of these styles (variable font only), use the style name
(without the prefixed “j” and with \option{Features} appended)
as a package option. To change the size features for the style,
do the same, but with \option{SizeFeatures} instead of \option{Features}
appended:

\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
    \usepackage[
        CondLightFeatures={
            Language=English,
            StylisticSet=2
        },
        CondLightSizeFeatures={{size=5,wght=325,wdth=80},}
    ]{junicodevf}
\end{verbatim}
\normalsize

\noindent This will shift text in the Condensed Light style from default to insular
letter-shapes and slightly increase the weight and width of all glyphs in that style.
Here the \option{SizeFeatures} section is very simple (as in the package file itself),
but you can have as many size ranges as you want, just as you can for the main font.

\section{The Enlarge Axis}

The variable package defines four different styles for Junicode VF’s
\hyperlink{enlarge}{Enlarge axis}, in four sizes:

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ l  l  l }
Not Enlarged & abc & \textit{abc}\\
\textbackslash EnlargedOne & {\EnlargedOne abc} & {\EnlargedOneItalic abc}\\
\textbackslash EnlargedTwo & {\EnlargedTwo abc} & {\EnlargedTwoItalic abc}\\
\textbackslash EnlargedThree & {\EnlargedThree abc} & {\EnlargedThreeItalic abc}\\
\textbackslash EnlargedFour & {\EnlargedFour abc} & {\EnlargedFourItalic abc}\\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\noindent You can produce an italic version of the enlarged minuscule by appending “Italic” to
the style name. You can also customize these styles with \option{SizeFeatures}:

\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
    \usepackage[
        EnlargedThreeSizeFeatures={{size=5,ENLA=85},}
    ]{junicodevf}
\end{verbatim}
\normalsize

\noindent This example will set all axes except for \src{ENLA} to their default coordinates.
You can, of course, define other axes, and, as with Junicode’s other \option{SizeFeatures} options,
as many size arrays as you like. \option{Features} options are not available for the Enlarged 
styles.

\section{Other Commands}

The font packages’ other commands (listed in the following table) are offered as conveniences,
being shorter and more
mnemonic than the {\fspec} commands they invoke (though of course all {\fspec} commands
remain available). Each of these commands
also has a corresponding “text” command that works like 
{\color{BrickRed}\verb|\textit{}|}---that is, it takes
as its sole argument the text to which the command will be applied. Each “text” command
consists of the main command with “text” prefixed---for example,
{\color{BrickRed}\verb|\textInsularLetterForms{}|}
corresponding to {\color{BrickRed}\verb|\InsularLetterForms|}.  For a fuller account of the OpenType features
applied by these commands, see \hyperlink{FeatureReference}{Chapter 4, Feature Reference}.

\begin{center}\small
%\begin{table}[ht]
\centering
\tablehead{\hline}
\tabletail{\hline}
\begin{supertabular}{| l | p{2.75in} |}
\bluerow\textbackslash AltThornEth & Applies ss01,\index{ss01} Alternate thorn and eth.\\
\textbackslash InsularLetterForms & Applies ss02,\index{ss02} Insular letter-forms.\\
\bluerow\textbackslash IPAAlternates & Applies ss03,\index{ss03} IPA alternates.\\
\textbackslash HighOverline & Applies ss04,\index{ss04} High Overline.\\
\bluerow\textbackslash MediumHighOverline & Applies ss05,\index{ss05} Medium-high Overline.\\
\textbackslash EnlargedMinuscules & Applies ss06,\index{ss06} Enlarged minuscules.\\
\bluerow\textbackslash Underdotted & Applies ss07,\index{ss07} Underdotted.\\
\textbackslash ContextualLongS & Applies ss08,\index{ss08} Contextual long s.\\
\bluerow\textbackslash AlternateFigures & Applies ss09,\index{ss09} Alternate Figures.\\
\textbackslash EntitiesAndTags & Applies ss10,\index{ss10} Entities and Tags.\\
\bluerow\textbackslash EarlyEnglishFuthorc & Applies ss12,\index{ss12} Early English Futhorc.\\
\textbackslash ElderFuthark & Applies ss13,\index{ss13} Elder Futhark.\\
\bluerow\textbackslash YoungerFuthark & Applies ss14,\index{ss14} Younger Futhark.\\
\textbackslash LongBranchToShortTwig & Applies ss15,\index{ss15} Long Branch to Short Twig.\\
\bluerow\textbackslash ContextualRRotunda & Applies ss16,\index{ss16} Contextual r rotunda.\\
\textbackslash RareDigraphs & Applies ss17,\index{ss17} Rare Digraphs.\\
\bluerow\textbackslash OldStylePunctuation & Applies ss18,\index{ss18} Old-style Punctuation.\\
\textbackslash LatinToGothic & Applies ss19,\index{ss19} Latin to Gothic.\\
\bluerow\textbackslash LowDiacritics & Applies ss20,\index{ss20} Low Diacritics.\\
\textbackslash jcv, \textbackslash textcv & Applies any Character Variant feature (see below).\\
\end{supertabular}
%\caption{Stylistic Set and Character Variant Commands}
%\end{table}
\end{center}

The syntax of \textbackslash jcv
is {\color{BrickRed}\verb|\jcv[num]{num}|}, where the second (required) argument is the number of the Character Variant feature,
and the first (optional) argument is an index into the variants provided by that feature (starting with zero, the default).
\textbackslash textcv takes an additional required argument ({\color{BrickRed}\verb|\textcv[num]{num}{text}|}---the text to which the
feature should be applied.

Character Variant features can also be selected by means of commands consisting of the prefix
{\color{BrickRed}\verb|\jcv|} plus any letter of the basic Latin alphabet (e.g. {\color{BrickRed}\verb|\jcvA|},
{\color{BrickRed}\verb|\jcvz|}), or any of the mnemonics below.
For example, a feature for
lowercase \textbf{a} can be expressed as {\color{BrickRed}\verb|\textcv[2]{\jcva}{a}|},\index{cv02}
yielding \textbf{\textcv[2]{\jcva}{a}}.

\begin{multicols}{3}
\small\jCond\textbackslash jcvaa

\textbackslash jcvAE

\textbackslash jcvae

\textbackslash jcvAO

\textbackslash jcvao

\textbackslash jcvAogonek

\textbackslash jcvaogonek

\textbackslash jcvASCIItilde

\textbackslash jcvasterisk

\textbackslash jcvav

\textbackslash jcvbrevebelow

\textbackslash jcvcombiningdieresis

\textbackslash jcvcombiningdoublemacron

\textbackslash jcvcombininginsulard

\textbackslash jcvcombiningopena

\textbackslash jcvcombiningoverline

\textbackslash jcvcombiningrrotunda

\textbackslash jcvcombiningzigzag

\textbackslash jcvcomma

\textbackslash jcvcurrency

\textbackslash jcvdbar

\textbackslash jcvdcroat

\textbackslash jcvEng

\textbackslash jcvEogonek

\textbackslash jcvetabbrev

\textbackslash jcvexclam

\textbackslash jcvflorin

\textbackslash jcvGermanpenny

\textbackslash jcvglottal

\textbackslash jcvlb

\textbackslash jcvlhighstroke %somehow escaped the documentation

\textbackslash jcvmacron

\textbackslash jcvmiddot

\textbackslash jcvoPolish

\textbackslash jcvounce

\textbackslash jcvperiod

\textbackslash jcvpunctuselevatus

\textbackslash jcvquestion

\textbackslash jcvrum

\textbackslash jcvsemicolon

\textbackslash jcvslash

\textbackslash jcvspacingusabbrev

\textbackslash jcvspacingzigzag

\textbackslash jcvsterling

\textbackslash jcvthorncrossed

\textbackslash jcvTironianEt

\textbackslash jcvYogh
\end{multicols}
